Note. The electrolyte level in batteries with a transparent case is checked visually by the level mark.
During operation, battery failures are possible due to its high degree of discharge. The reasons may be a slippage of the alternator drive belt, a malfunction of the alternator, the connection of additional (emergency) consumers in excess of permissible limits, increased self-discharge due to severe surface contamination.
Checking the condition of the battery is carried out by measuring the density of the electrolyte with a densimeter.
The measured density of the electrolyte is compared with the values of the table. 8.1, this allows you to assess the condition of the battery.
Table 8.1 The degree of charge of the battery depending on the density of the electrolyte
The density of the electrolyte in all banks must be the same and differ by no more than±0.02 g/cm3 one from the other. If the density of the electrolyte in adjacent banks differs sharply, then the battery has a short circuit and is faulty.
Inspect the battery and make sure of the following:
- there are no cracks or signs of damage on the battery case and cover;
- there are no traces of dirt on the top of the battery;
- the terminals are in good condition;
- there are no salt deposits on the terminals (sulfation).
Check the tightness of the wire clamp nuts on the terminals. Poor contact between wire lugs and terminals can cause the engine to not start and reduce battery charging efficiency. In addition, if the contact is not reliable, sparking occurs, which can lead to an explosion of the battery.
Clean and lubricate with neutral grease (technical vaseline) battery terminals and wire lugs.
Check the electrolyte level by removing the plugs on the top of the battery.
On batteries with removable plugs, remove the cap by hand or with a tool (e.g. a hard spatula).
Check the electrolyte level in all banks, it should be approximately 1.5 cm above the separators.
If necessary, add distilled water to the battery.
Note. The translucent cases of some batteries make it possible to control the electrolyte level.
Never add electrolyte, acid or other liquids to the battery.
Caring for batteries consists in periodically cleaning them from dust and dirt. It is also necessary to check the reliability of fastening the battery and the connection of the wire lugs to the battery terminals, the oxidized wire lugs and terminals are cleaned. When cleaning, the minimum layer of metal should be removed, otherwise it is impossible to securely connect the wire tips to the battery terminals. Make sure that the wires are not taut, as this may break the terminals or the battery cover. Lubricate wire lugs and terminals with technical petroleum jelly.
If the car is not used for more than one month, it is recommended to remove the wire from the negative terminal of the battery. During long breaks in operation (winter period) remove the battery from the car and store it in a cool room, but at a positive temperature. It is recommended to recharge the storage battery every three months.
Each discharge, especially a long discharge, shortens the life of the battery.
Attention
The electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid. If electrolyte comes into contact with the skin, wash the affected area with plenty of water.
For severe chemical burns (especially the eye) Seek medical attention.
If electrolyte gets on metal surfaces, treat them with a soda solution.
When the battery is being charged, free hydrogen is released - risk of explosion. Do not smoke or use open flames near the battery.
Do not place conductive objects on the battery cover - risk of sparks if the battery terminals are short-circuited.